ABSTRACT
@#Patients with impaired quality of life associated with xerostomia need long-term treatment, and a nerve stimulator has the advantage of providing natural saliva and long-term management for patients with xerostomia by electrically stimulating the relevant secretory nerves to promote saliva production. A number of clinical trials have preliminarily demonstrated the efficacy of nerve electrical stimulation in the treatment of xerostomia. However, electrical stimulation has not yet become the mainstream treatment for xerostomia. Large prospective randomized controlled clinical trials are still needed to confirm its long-term effectiveness and safety. In addition, the design of nerve stimulators is of great significance for clinical application. The large volume and inconvenient treatment associated with the extra oral nerve stimulator and the first generation intraoral nerve stimulator hinder their clinical application and popularization. The second- and third-generation intraoral nerve stimulator devices are small, convenient to use and have great application prospects. Research on electrical nerve stimulators for xerostomia treatment is mainly concentrated in European and American countries, while there is very little domestic research. It is urgent to master the core technology for the research and development of electrical nerve stimulators. The innovation of miniaturization, efficient power supply, data feedback and packaging will be the key issues of electrical nerve stimulators in the future. In this paper, the treatment and research of electrical nerve stimulation for xerostomia are reviewed to provide a reference for related basic research and the clinical application of electrical stimulators treating xerostomia in China.
ABSTRACT
Objective@# To investigate the clinical efficacy of cevimeline as a pharmacotherapeutic approach to stimulating gland activity in improving the symptoms and signs of primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS).@*Methods@#Sixty-three patients diagnosed with pSS who attended the Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2018 to September 2019 were included in this trial. They were randomly assigned to the therapeutic group and control group. All patients were recalled at baseline and after 2 weeks, 3 months and 6 months. Measurement of salivary and lacrimal flow as well as evaluation of subjective symptoms was performed at the follow-up. @*Results@# Fifty-eight patients completed the trial and were included in the statistical analysis. There was a significant difference between the two groups in the measurement of salivary and lacrimal flow at the second week and third month (P < 0.05). Improvement in subjective symptoms of oral, ocular and gland was detected at the third month (P < 0.05). At the sixth month, compared with the control group, only the salivary gland symptom score of the treatment group was statistically significant (P < 0.05). @*Conclusion@#Cevimeline has good specificity and safety and can increase salivary and lacrimal flow and improve subjective symptoms of pSS in a short time.
ABSTRACT
El presente trabajo aporta evidencia de la presencia de receptores de cannabinoides en la glándula submaxilar de la rata, cuya expresión secircunscribe a componentes acinares y ductales. A su vez, los resultados expuestos confirman la participación de los receptores de cannabinoides en el control de la secreción salival, y por ende aportan una explicación empírica a la hiposialia observada luego del consumo de marihuana
The present study provides evidence for the presence of cannabinoid receptors in rat submandibular gland, whose expression is restricted to acinar and ductal components. In turn, the presented results confirm the involvement of cannabinoid receptors in the control of salivary secretion, and thus provide an empirical explanation to hyposialia observed after marijuana consumption.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Submandibular Gland/physiopathology , Receptors, Cannabinoid , Xerostomia/etiology , Xerostomia/physiopathology , Cannabis/adverse effects , Salivation/physiologyABSTRACT
Esse estudo teve como objetivos comparar o fluxo salivar em pacientes químico-dependentes em recuperação com indivíduos que não fazem uso de drogas ou medicamentos e verificar a associação entre fluxo salivar e tempo de internação. Foi realizado exame do fluxo salivar em 48 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, 24 internados numa clinica privada de psiquiatria e dependência química no Município do Rio de Janeiro (Grupo 1) e outros 24 indivíduos, dentre pacientes e acompanhantes, abordados na sala de espera na FO-UFRJ e que se declararam não usuários de drogas ou medicamentos (Grupo 2). Analisando-se os resultados deste estudo, observou-se nos indivíduos do Grupo 1, com fluxo salivar maior ou igual a 0,7 ml/min, que a média do tempo de internação foi de 5,18 semanas, enquanto que, nos indivíduos com fluxo salivar menor que 0,7 ml/min foi de 18,14 semanas, indicando que o baixo fluxo salivar pode ser uma conseqüência do tempo de internação e do processo de recuperação. Concluimos que a interrupção do uso de drogas leva à normalidade da secreção do fluxo salivar. Entretanto, nos indivíduos com maior tempo de medicação, durante o tempo de internação, apresentavam fluxo salivar reduzido, possivelmente devido à utilização prolongada de medicamentos no processo de recuperação.
The study aim was to compare the salivary secretion in drug-dependent patients in recuperation to patients whose didn't use drugs or medications and verified the association between salivary and the time interned using medications. Salivary secretion of 48 patients, both sexies were examined, 24 interned in a privated clinic of psychiatry and drug-dependents in Rio de Janeiro city (Group 1) and 24 people (patients and companions) were in reception of odontology university of UFRJ. They declared not use any kind of drugs (Group 2). Results were analysed in this study and observed in Group 1, patients with salivary secretion less than 0,7 ml/min were interned 18,14 weeks, evidencing the hiposalivation is associated to time of patients been interned to time of recuperation. Drugs interruption give to patients normal salivary secretion, however the prolonged time interned suggested a decrease salivary secretion draw on a prolonged use of medications by recuperation treatment.